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The Abbey of Nivelles, is a former Imperial Abbey of the Holy Roman Empire. It is located in the town of Nivelles in Province of Walloon Brabant, Belgium. (50° 35' 51" N 4° 19' 24" E). \〔Anne-Marie Helvetius, Du monastère double au chapitre noble : moniales et chanoinesses en Basse-Lotharingie. In Les chapitres de dames nobles entre France et Empire, études réunies sous la direction de Michel Parisse et Pierre Heili. Éditions Messene, Paris, 1998.〕〔Joseph Delmelle, Abbayes et béguinages de Belgique, Rossel Édition, Bruxelles, 1973, pp. 52 & 53.〕 ==Foundation== Christianity was not at all widespread in Gertrude's place and time. It was only the development of cities and the initiative of bishops that led to a vast movement of evangelism, which led to the flowering of monasteries everywhere in the seventh and eighth centuries.〔Donnay-Rocmans, Claudine. La Collégiale Sainte-Gertrude de Nivelles. (Gembloux: Duculot, 1979).p34〕 Gertrude's Vita describes how Bishop Amandus came to Itta's house, "preaching the word of God. At the Lord's bidding, he asked whether she would build a monastery for herself and Christ's handmaid, Gertrude."〔McNamara et al. 224〕 Itta founded Nivelles, a double monastery, one for men, the other for women. However, after they entered the religious life, Gertrude and her mother suffered, "no small opposition" from the royal family. During this period, trials for the family are mentioned involving the usurper Otto's bid to replace the Pippinids at the side of the king.〔McNamara, Jo Ann and John E. Halbord with E. Gordon Whatley. Sainted Women of the Dark Ages. Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press, 1992. p224.〕 There is some precedent for Gertrude and Itta's move to the monastery at Nivelles. According to Wemple, "during the second half of the 7th century, women in Neustrian-Burgundian families concentrated on the creation of a network of monasteries rather than on the conclusion of politically advantageous unions, while families whose holdings were in the northeastern parts of the kingdom, centering around the city of Metz, were more concerned with the acquisition of power through carefully arranged marriages." Itta's move to start a monastery was thus not completely out of the ordinary, and may have in fact been the norm for a widowed noblewoman.〔Wemple, Suzanne Fonay. Women in Frankish Society: Marriage and the Cloister, 500-900. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1981. p54-55〕 Upon Itta's death at about the age of 60 in the year 650, 12 years after the death of her husband Pippin,〔Vita Sanctae Geretrudis〕 Gertrude took over the monastery. At this time, Gertrude took the "whole burden of governing upon herself alone," placing affairs of the family in the hand of "good and faithful administrators from the brothers." Some have argued that this implies that Gertrude ruled the monastery with an abbot. Frankish double monasteries were almost always led by an abbess, or jointly by an abbess and abbot.〔Wemple, Suzanne Fonay. Women in Frankish Society: Marriage and the Cloister, 500-900. Philadelphia: (University of Pennsylvania Press, 1981). p162.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Nivelles Abbey」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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